Drillbotics Safety

Comments

1. Darlington Etaje says

   January 16, 2022 at 5:10 am

   Safety
   The following safety protocols detail both the unique procedures adapted by Group A in its virtual workspace as well as operational safety expected to be observed in-situ. Team safety will continue to be adapted throughout the duration of this project.
   1. Worker (Group Members) Safety:
   • Group communication and meetings are performed virtually to limit physical contact.
   • 5-minute safety meetings are conducted before the virtual meeting every week.
   • Group members are advised to utilize ergonomic chairs, tables, and office equipment.
   • Group members are advised to limit prolonged exposure to computer screen.
   • Group members are advised to break monotone work-related activities and employ
   physical stretching and exercise.
   • Group members are advised to take a 15-minute break after work consecutively for 1
   hour.
   • Meeting times are set at 5:30pm to minimize late night workhours, reducing effects of
   tiredness and increasing productivity.
   • The meeting duration is set at 30 minutes to keep it short and productive
   2. Operational Safety:
   • When the standpipe pressure reaches a preset value (in this case, 3200 psi), the pumps’
   relife valves open and the pressure is released.
   • When the torque reaches a certain value (depending on the operating settings), the top
   drive rpm is lowered to have the maximum torque and prevent drill string twists off.
   • If one or more of these characteristics are discovered, mark them as a kick warning and
   notify us so that we may make the best option possible on that situation (1- increase in
   return flow). 2-increase in tank level 3- detection of gas or petroleum in drilling mud 4-
   ROP increases abruptly in addition to items 1 to 3).
   • After sensing a kick, the rig alarm sounds.
   • If the hook load or pump pressure (or both) suddenly decreases, stop drilling and assess
   the drill string for twisting off.
   • If standpipe pressure steadily decreases while drilling and plastic debris is discovered on
   shale shakers, sound the rotor failure alert but continue drilling if the pressure reduction
   does not cause any additional problems. Change the motor on the following trip.
   • Every 12 hours, collect slow pump data (GPM and standpipe pressure at two separate low
   GPMs) in order to utilize the most recent data to kill the well.
   • When the WOB approaches a maximum setpoint (determined by the bit’s size and type),
   reduce it below the maximum setpoint thus avoiding bit damage.
   • Use a drill pipe screen to remove any particles entering the drill string , hence reducing
   the possibility of MWD sub or bit plugging.
   • If the ROP in the same formation gradually declines to an abnormal rate (for example,
   from 4 m/h to less than 0.2 m/h) without any apparent change in other parameters,
   continue drilling for many hours while frequently pumping pill to clear the area
   University of Calgary
   39
   surrounding the bit. If the issue persists, stop drilling and pull the bit out of the hole to
   inspect for any possible damage.
   • Stop drilling or replace these equipment before their working hours are up (bit (working
   hour in PDC bits, total revolution in three-cone bits), motor, MWD battery, Jar).
   • Conduct a BOP test prior to running the directional drilling instrument into the hole and
   repeat it on a periodic basis in accordance with drilling regulations (for example every
   week in production zone and every two weeks in other formations).
   • When drilling producing zone, do BOP drills every week.
   • Always keep one person on the return line to ensure that the return flow is not
   interrupted.
   • Fill the drill string every ten stands (300 meters) and circulate the mud quickly at a low
   GPM just to inspect the drill string opening every thirty stands (900m).
   • Avoid high GPM or any unreasonable mud circulation when the bit is in the case hole
   portion (bit rotation in case hole section with the help of motor AKO cause bit damage)
   • Check the differential pressure of the motor, the motor attached to the bit, and finally the
   differential pressure of the whole directional drilling assembly at the surface prior to
   running in a hole).
   • Observe the MWD signal on the surface and at shallow depths before drilling begins. Use motor bearing interval before running in the hole.
   • Stop drilling if MWD data aren’t available.
   • Perform surface circulation mud during the trips and changing BHA.
   • To limit the possibility of MWD plugging, avoid using pills with a very high viscosity
   and a high solid content.
   • When the WOB approaches a maximum setpoint (determined by the safely buckling
   criteria), reduce it below the maximum setpoint thus avoiding buckling.

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2. Benjamin Amamoo says

   January 21, 2022 at 5:17 pm

   UMaT & KNUST
   Safety plan in the control room
   In the virtual environment, the team is expected to be safety conscious with full understanding of health and safety regulations and comply with safety instruction and procedures as safety is paramount on the rig as this beat describes the values of our team. This safety plan tends to enumerate some possible or expected hazards which an individual in a virtual drilling rig environment might face and solutions to the such hazards to ensure the safety of the individual.
   Physical and Psychosocial hazards
   Physical hazards affect the physical well being of the individual. Risks to psychological health due to work should be viewed in the same way as other health and safety risks, and a commitment to prevention of work-related stress should be included in an organization’s health and safety policies since such risks affects the individual physically.
   Physical Hazards
   Manual handling in the office
   Manual handling refers to any activity requiring the use of force exerted by a person to lift, push, pull, carry or otherwise move or restrain something. Examples of manual handling tasks commonly performed in offices include lifting and carrying boxes of photocopying paper; moving office furniture and equipment such as computers and printers; handling large files, books and legal documents; prolonged data entry; and opening and closing filing cabinet drawers.
   Musculoskeletal disorders
   MSD is a collective term for a range of conditions characterized by discomfort or pain in muscles, tendons and other soft tissues, with or without visible symptoms. MSD are usually associated with tasks involving repetitive movement, sustained or unnatural postures or forceful movements. Previously these conditions have been referred to in various ways, such as Occupational Overuse Syndrome (OOS) or Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI). Muscle strains can occur suddenly, and may result from forceful exertion in a bent or twisted posture – for example, lifting a box of photocopying paper from the floor. However, many MSD occur due to daily work involving the maintenance of static postures, which result in muscle fatigue, for example, holding the telephone, and repetitive work such as keyboard and mouse tasks. Conditions that have this type of gradual onset are probably more common in office work than sudden injuries. In office work, other factors that have been associated with MSD include prolonged and intense keyboard or mouse use, high demands on vision, sustained mental effort and peak demands or set work rates. Control of these factors is discussed in a number of sections of this guide.

   Psychosocial Factors at Work
   Work is generally beneficial to mental health and personal wellbeing.
   Stress
   Stress is a word used loosely in the community and is a complex emotional experience. Positive challenges motivate people psychologically and physically to learn new skills and master their jobs. This ‘good’ stress can lead to high levels of satisfaction and productivity. However, challenges can also be personally distressing and disruptive. Work that results in a person feeling unable to cope and unsupported may lead to an adverse psychological reaction known as stress and may lead to illness, injury and job failure. However, stress is not just feeling sad, upset or angry. It is interactive and people can have very different responses to the same factors. We do know that some workplace factors may contribute to stress reactions.
   These may arise from the content of work, for example:
   • work which is monotonous or lacks variety, or too much or too little work to do
   • work that involves individual having to hide their feelings when dealing with customers, or performing work that goes against personal or social standards
   • unpredictable, long or unsocial working hours, poorly designed shift systems
   • employees being unable to participate in decisions about their work or control how they do it
   • environmental conditions such as poor lighting, excessive noise, heat and complex or inadequate equipment or technology.
   Stress can also arise from the social and organizational context to work, for example:
   • inadequate communication systems with supervisors or co-workers
   • uncertainty, e.g. no clear instructions on what employees are expected to do
   • job change, e.g. in task content, hours, location, supervision, without adequate consultation
   • recruitment policies which fail to ensure employees have suitable skills for the work and do not adequately train staff
   • poor relationships between supervisors, peers or others at work, not acknowledged and rectified
   • emotionally or physically demanding jobs with inadequate support
   • inconsistent people management or not in line with workplace policies, e.g. discrimination related to performance appraisal
   Fatigue
   Fatigue is an acute or chronic state of tiredness which affects employee performance, safety and health and requires rest or sleep for recovery. Fatigue may affect physical and mental capacities and increase the risk of workplace incidents. It can also contribute to workplace conflict and absenteeism. Through a build-up of sleep debt, fatigue can result in errors of judgement that may lead to injury or death, affecting not only the employee, but the health and safety of others as well.
   The fatigue factors that influence risk include:
   • mentally and physically demanding work (very high demands)
   • long periods of time awake (e.g. long hours of work extended by long commuting times)
   • inadequate amount or quality of sleep (e.g. when ‘on-call’)
   • inadequate rest breaks (e.g. inadequate or poorly timed rest breaks or rest breaks where the environment is not conducive to rest)
   • disruption of the body clock (e.g. working when we would normally be sleeping)
   • environmental stresses (e.g. noisy or hot environments)

   Improving physical job to reduce physical and psychological hazards.
   The important aspect of physical job design is that it fits with how our bodies
   operate. Points to consider include:
   joints should be in relaxed and comfortable positions. This makes the work of muscles, ligaments and tendons around joints more efficient. Where extreme positions must be used, they should be held for as little time as possible and not repeated often.
   the work should be kept as close as possible to the body to minimize the stress on the body when reaching to perform a task;
   commonly accessed items should be stored between hip and shoulder height where possible to avoid bending over and reaching up;
   repetitive tasks such as using a keyboard and mouse should be performed for short periods. They are best interspersed with other tasks requiring different postures and movements, e.g. collecting work at the printer, reviewing, photocopying and distributing documents;
   static or fixed postures should only be held for short periods of time and interspersed with different tasks.
   job design should provide the opportunity for people to sit, stand or walk a short distance as a normal part of their duties
   exertion of force should be done in an upright posture, without twisting the spine and preferably using both hands equally
   Where the user does not have good typing skills, the risk of sustaining a muscle strain can increase as the operator may frequently or for a sustained period bend their neck to see the keyboard or the document they are typing from. When beginning to use computers, it is important to learn basic typing skills. This can be achieved through short but frequent training with the use of tutorial software programs. This approach can equally apply to two finger typists who may have developed a reasonable knowledge of the keyboard but cannot operate it without looking at the keys. This method of work is habitual and a concerted effort is needed to help with the development of new work methods.
   Task variety
   It is important to include task variety in the design of work. This is best done by mixing intensive keyboard use and other computer use with a variety of other work. It is important that the different tasks involve a change in posture and muscles used to perform the work. As the working day progresses it becomes more important to provide work with different mental demands, changes in posture and more frequent work breaks.
   Breaks
   Rest or work breaks can range from short pauses to defined breaks such as lunch. Answering the phone or collecting a document from the printer are short breaks that provide an opportunity for muscles that have been active in keyboard or mouse use to rest and recover and muscles which have been fixed during this use to move. Where a variety of alternative tasks are not available, it is important to have more work breaks away from the task. The length of these and how often they are taken depends on the work, the person and other factors. Frequent short pauses are preferable to infrequent longer pauses.
   Exercises
   The use of exercises during breaks can provide a variety of changes in posture and movement for muscles during periods of intense work. These exercises may be useful where there are no alternative tasks available. Exercises should not be used to replace other controls listed above. Exercises should be gentle stretches which provide rest for frequently used muscles and movement for muscles which have been static. The best exercise is usually to get up from a seated position and move around.
   Work adjustment periods
   It is important that during employee absences, their work is not left to pile up awaiting their return. This situation can cause an overload that can increase the risk of MSD and loss of job satisfaction. Where employees are new to keyboard use and other office-based tasks or are returning from an absence of several weeks, a period of adjustment may be required. The adjustment period will depend on the individual, the equipment, the environment and the duration of computer-based work involved. Where there is highly repetitive work, such as keyboard and mouse use, adjustment may be achieved through reduced workloads or provision of a greater variety of tasks than usual with a gradual reintroduction of highly repetitive or demanding work.
   Hazards due to light exposure
   Good lighting in workplaces is essential to enable people to see clearly and
   perform their work safely.
   The key factors to consider when determining the adequacy of lighting are the:
   • amount of light in an area;
   • number, type and position of the light sources; and
   • tasks or activities performed, how often and for how long these are performed.

   In general, good lighting should enable people to easily view their work and
   environment without the need to strain their eyes. However, different activities
   require different levels and qualities of light. The visual demands of the activity or
   task performed determine the lighting needs of an area. Activities that do not
   require a high level of visual acuity – for example, walking through a corridor – do
   not require high levels or an optimum quality of light. On the other hand, tasks
   such as drawing or checking a document for errors involve fine and detailed work
   requiring a moderate to high level of visual control, and so greater levels and a
   higher quality of light is required.
   How much light is needed?
   We are able to see quite well in a wide range of lighting levels due to the ability
   of the eye to adapt to different lighting conditions. For example, when you move
   from a bright room into a relatively dark area, or vice versa, your eyes adapt
   and over time (some seconds) you are able to see more clearly. To reduce the
   demands on your eyes and the need to adapt when changing tasks or viewing
   fields, or when moving from one work area to another, specific levels of lighting
   for particular types of tasks are recommended.
   How is light measured?
   The amount of light in an area can be measured using a light meter (or lux meter).
   This measures the amount of light falling onto a surface, which is known as the
   illuminance of that surface. Illuminance is measured in lux. Recommended
   illuminance levels for different types of work areas are approximate and are
   shown in the accompanying table
   Class of task
   Recommended maintenance illuminance
   Characteristic of the activity and interior
   Representative activities &
   Interiors

   Intermittent use
   80
   Interiors requiring
   intermittent use with visual tasks limited to movement and orientation
   Staff change rooms

   Simple
   160
   Occasional reading of clearly printed
   documents for short periods
   Waiting rooms

   Ordinary or Moderately easy
   240
   Continuously
   occupied interiors
   where moderately
   easy visual tasks with high contrasts or large detail are required
   Computer usage

   Moderately Difficult
   400
   Areas where visual
   tasks are moderately difficult with low
   contrasts
   Routine office work

   Difficult
   600
   Areas where visual
   tasks are difficult with low contrasts
   Drawing offices
   (boards), proof reading.

   Quality of light
   This refers not only to the level of lighting, but also to other factors which have
   a significant impact on how well we are able to perform a task. These include:
   • the number of lights in use – having the correct number of lights will provide
   evenness of lighting over the area;
   • the type of lights, e.g. fluorescent tubes, tungsten and halogen lights – the
   most common type of office lighting is fluorescent, most resembling natural
   light and long-lasting. Fluorescent lights can provide different qualities of light,
   such as white, warm, natural, daylight or colors.
   • the type of light fittings used – the design of light fittings can influence the
   direction of lighting;
   • the position of the lights – lights should be positioned to illuminate the
   workstations;
   • how colors appear under them; and
   • maintenance of the lighting system.
   All these factors need to be taken into account when designing lighting for office
   environments. A lighting designer should be consulted for designing lighting in a
   new office area.
   Other lightening problems
   Glare in a work area
   Glare occurs when one part of an area is much brighter than the background or
   vice versa. For example, if a bright window is positioned behind a computer
   screen, the contrast (difference between dark and light) can be so great that the
   eyes have to constantly adapt to the change. This may cause eye fatigue and
   headaches, as well as decreased ability to view the screen. Glare can be identified
   by observation as well as complaints and comments from people working in the
   area. There are several ways to reduce glare in the office environment:
   • control natural light from windows, e.g. venetian blinds enable people to adjust
   the light in their work areas;
   • reduce the contrast between the foreground and background, e.g. the use of
   a slightly darker partition with a matte surface reduces the contrast between
   a computer screen and the surrounding area;
   • reposition the workstation to reduce the light falling on the work surface; and
   • reduce the general lighting to suit the task being performed.
   Visual fatigue
   Eye muscles can become tired when constantly focused on close work. To identify
   if this is an issue in your office, ask people if they get tired eyes or other eye strain
   symptoms.
   To control visual fatigue,
   a change of focus, such as a view out of a window or to a picture along a hallway at a distance from the operator, can provide exercise to other muscles of the eyes while resting the tired muscles.
   Another way of reducing visual fatigue is to use googles or a safety lens which provides shield to the eye whiles an individual monitors work progress from screen.
   Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in the Office
   Thermal comfort
   Comfort is influenced by clothing, the job being undertaken, temperature, humidity
   and air flow. People may feel uncomfortable if the temperature within an office is
   either too low or too high. High humidity can create a stuffy, sticky atmosphere
   and contribute to feelings of tiredness. There are considerable individual
   differences between people regarding what is comfortable and it is unlikely
   that a single temperature or level of humidity will suit everybody.
   Controlling thermal comfort issues
   Some general suggestions for improving thermal comfort include:
   • regulate air conditioning for temperature and humidity
   • avoid locating workstations directly in front of or below air conditioning outlets
   • install deflectors on air vents to direct airflow away from people. These
   measures will help prevent staff being annoyed by draughts
   • control direct sunlight (radiant heat) with blinds, louvres and window
   treatments
   • Minimize draughts and thermal differences between the head and the feet
   (thermal gradients).
   • ensure adequate air flow. Feelings of stuffiness can result when air flow is low,
   and draughts occur when air flow is high. An air flow rate of between 0.1 and
   0.2 metres per second is desirable.
   Spilling
   Spilling simply refers to the pouring of water or any liquid substance on the floor or on the table. This poses lots of risk or hazards to the devices in the room or to the individual.
   Water or liquid on the table might flow into any nearby device which may end up in malfunctioning of the devices. Liquid might also fall on a nearby electrical gadget which might lead to electrical faults or accidents or electrical fire.
   Again, the accidents due to slipping might happen when the individual might step on the spilled water. To avoid spillage or liquid or water in the room, any water container needs to be isolated from the room.

   Fire Prevention for the Oil and Gas Industry
   Fires in control rooms usually start small. The cause of fire hazards is mainly caused by short circuit in a piece of electronic hardware or overheated wiring. Fire may arise from the following if:
   There is a wear in cords or cords are frayed or have exposed wire.
   Cords used have a damaged or removed prong
   Overload and improper use of extension cords
   Unfortunately, the incipient fire is often located in an underfloor area or inside a cabinet where it has the opportunity to grow in size and intensity without being noticed. Once there are actual flames and smoke, the devastation has already begun in earnest. The control room’s personnel are put in peril, equipment is damaged and processes are shut down or severely interrupted.

   A high – sensitivity smoke detector has been installed in the control. These detectors employ sophisticated air-sampling techniques to identify potential fire situations before there is visible smoke or open flame. Air from the protected area including the room and its subfloor area is drawn continuously through a piping network into the detector where particles of combustion are measured at levels of obscuration as low as 0.0075% per foot. This is approximately 1,000 times more sensitive than a conventional smoke detector. At this stage of a fire, only invisible products of combustion such as the outgassing of electrical components are present. This incipient stage is followed by visible smoke, flame, and finally, intense heat. By continuously sampling the air in a data center, a high-sensitivity system can detect airborne particles of combustion and provide the earlies warning possible. This system is immune to false alarm from dust or other containments. This type of detection often buys the personnel 30 minutes or more of advance warning in the event of a fire emergency. This time can be used to locate the source of the situation and take correction actions to prevent the fire from escalating and minimize the damage done to the data center and its vital contents.

   The National Safety Council in its fight against fire outbreaks recommend:
   Power cords should be inspected regularly for wear and be replaced if they are frayed or have exposed wire.
   Cords should never be used if the third prong has been damaged or removed.
   Cords should never overload outlets. The most common causes of fires started by extension cords are improper use and overloading. Extension cords used should be approved by a certifying laboratory and be used only temporarily to connect one device at a time.
   According to the Occupational Safety and Health Act, when an employer has provided portable fire extinguishers for employee use, the employer must also train workers on the general principles of fire extinguisher use. Training of employees and provision of fire extinguishers are vital in the fight against fire outbreak since employees will be able to know what to do if fire erupts.
   Emergency-exit routes should never be locked or blocked.

   In an event of fire outbreak, it is important to undergo the steps to take when an accident occurs. The first thing to do is follow the evacuation protocol. This involves employees moving to the emergency assembly point. The next step, which is incident stabilization involves contacting emergency numbers provided and people responsible for taking action in the case of fire outbreak. However, if the fire is at the incipient stage, employees can apply knowledge gained during induction and frequent training programs organized. It is assumed that before a person is employed, he or she must undergo induction. It is also assumed that there are frequent training programs organized.

   Safety on the rig floor

   Rig floor fire hazards
   It’s no secret that drilling for oil is a dangerous job. In the complex industry of oil and gas, there’s a lot that could go wrong. One of the more serious risks for this industry is the potential for fires and explosions.
   Some of the ignition sources you’ll find on-site in the oil fields are:

   Internal-combustion engine sparks
   Open flames from any source
   Cigarettes, or smoking
   Welding operations
   Electric power tools
   Two-way radios
   Vehicles with catalytic converter

   Preventing fires to ensure safety on the rig floor
   Performing hot-work in a safe location
   Remove all combustibles from the area before conducting hot-work. Whenever possible, perform the work in an area that won’t interfere with other workers.

   Wearing the proper PPE
   Always wear FR clothing when performing hot work. It is the responsibility of the employer to provide this to the employee. Further, FR clothing should be maintained and kept in good condition.

   Using fire blankets to protect nearby equipment from sparks and slag
   If you cannot move combustibles or nearby equipment out of the way, lay fire blankets over them. This will protect them and prevent them from catching fire.

   Having fire extinguishers nearby and ready to use
   Employees should always know where to find the nearest fire extinguisher. This is even more critical when performing hot-work. Hoses and other suppression equipment can work too.

   Assigning a fire watch for all hot-work activities
   A fire watch should always be present for hot-work activities. The fire watch should know how to sound the alarm in the event of a fire. They should also know to only extinguish a fire when it is small and contained to one area. OSHA requires the fire watch remain in place for at least 30 minutes after the work is complete.

   Prohibit open flames from the vicinity of the rig
   employees should take part in the Job Hazard Analysis to review the specific tasks and hazards they may face.

   Training for Employees
   Train employees to recognize hazards specific to the oil and gas industry. For instance, they should know what it means when an engine “over revs” or starts “running away.” When this happens, the engine is in a gas cloud and at high risk for a catastrophic explosion. If this occurs, employees need to immediately evacuate the area.
   Employees should also be aware of the content and hazards of the equipment they are working on. The oil industry uses very complex equipment that young or new employees may not be familiar with. Take the time to train them properly before letting them loose. Want more info on the hazards of worker in the oil industry? Check out our blog, “The Dangerous Life of a Roughneck: The truth about oil drilling safety hazards.”

   Engineering Controls
   Automated systems can be installed for mobile engines. Shutdown systems, spark arrest systems, and intake flame arrestors are all good options. They automatically respond to hazardous situations.
   You can also use monitoring equipment to detect flammable gases. A popular option is a multi-gas monitor. You can mount these in a permanent location or wear them as a portable device. Many organizations in the oil and gas industries rely on this type of equipment.

   Perform Routine Audits and Inspections
   We like to believe that we’re prepared for fires and incidents. Routine audits and inspections are a good way to verify if that’s the case. Inspect your areas that are at high risk for fire and explosion. Determine a path forward if you find that there’s room for improvement.

   Provide and Maintain Fire Suppression Equipment
   Make sure that you have enough fire suppression equipment on hand. You’ll also need to maintain this equipment by doing regular inspections. Immediately replace any equipment that has damage or defects.

   Train Employees on Safe Work Procedures
   Give your employees routine training on the topics of fire and explosion safety. Train them on how to use fire extinguishers and other equipment. Make sure they understand what’s required of them when performing hot-work. Test their knowledge on the different ignition sources they may face in the oil field.

   Use an Emergency Alert System
   Develop an emergency action plan that explains what to do in the event of a fire or explosion. Employees need to know of an emergency immediately so they can respond appropriately. Do you have a mass notification system in place? Alarms, radios, and mobile devices are all great options.

   Perform an Occasional Fire Drill
   The best way to determine if you’re prepared for an emergency is to run a drill. This will help employees prepare for a real-life situation. And you’ll learn where you can make improvements to your emergency action plan.

   The oil and gas industry can be a dangerous line of work. So, put these best practices into use. You’ll reduce the risk of fire-related injuries from happening at your worksite.

   Hazard due to presence of Hydrogen sulphide gas
   Hydrogen sulfide gas is found in petroleum and natural gas. Oil or natural gas is considered sour if it has a high percentage of hydrogen sulfide. Natural gas can contain up to 28 percent hydrogen sulfide gas, consequently, it may be an air pollutant near petroleum refineries and in oil and gas extraction areas. The principal source of anthropogenic hydrogen sulfide is as a by-product in the purification of natural gas and refinement of crude oil. Atmospheric releases of hydrogen sulfide represent the most significant public health concern for the geothermal energy industry.
   Control of hydrogen sulphide gas exposure
   Use exhaust and ventilation systems to reduce hydrogen sulfide levels. Make sure that the system is:
   Non-sparking
   Grounded
   Corrosion-resistant
   Separate from other exhaust ventilation systems
   Explosion-proof
   These safety measures are important because hydrogen sulfide is flammable and can corrode materials if they are not properly protected. When working in confined spaces ventilation should operate continuously and must be conducted in accord with the applicable OSHA standards.

   Slippage on Rig floor
   Slippage on rig floor is a likely event that can occur. Even though you may be wearing protective gear to prevent slips, trips and falls, they still happen.
   The following guidelines are suggested safety points to either prevent slips, trips and falls or to minimize the consequences if they should happen.

   Wear personal protective equipment (such as hard hats, work gloves, safety shoes, and eye protection).
   Be aware of the slipping and falling hazards when working on the drilling floor, servicing rig floors or other platforms.
   Keep all work areas clean and clear of oil, tools, and debris.
   Use non-skid surfaces where appropriate.
   Provide guardrails and guards around work areas that are prone to slips, trips, and falls.
   Install, inspect, and secure stairs and handrails.
   Instruct workers on proper procedures for using and installing ladders.
   Use only ladders in good repair that do not have missing rungs.
   Do not install stairs with missing or damaged steps. Repair them before installing them.
   Keep walkways clean and free of debris and tripping hazards.
   Keep all cords and hoses orderly and clear of walking spaces.
   Cover open cellars.
   Conduct a pre-job inspection to identify, then eliminate or correct hazardous work surfaces.
   Keep all places of employment clean and in an orderly condition.
   Keep aisles and passageways clear and in good repair, with no obstruction across or in aisles that could create a hazard.
   Provide floor plugs for equipment so power cords need not run across pathways.
   Use waterproof footgear to decrease slip/fall hazards

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